A lost craft
While the eulogies pronounced over copy editing are premature — like print newspapers, we’re not dead yet — some of us can recall a related and expired craft because we used to work as editors in the composing room.
Three or four decades ago, The Sun had hundreds of printers in its composing room — Linotype operators, proofreaders, compositors. Members of the International Typographical Union had lifetime jobs with solid benefits, and they ruled their domain. God help the editor who happened to touch a piece of type.
By my time at the paper, technology had eliminated most of those jobs, the computer rendering the Linotype obsolete. The compositors remained, using X-Acto knives or razor blades to cut type printed on photographic paper and paste it on the pages.
The composing room was still their domain. An editor assigned to work makeup had to undergo ritual hazing. If you kept your temper, endured some taunting, remained courteous and respectful, you would get along with them. They would even help you. If you were snotty and condescending, you would pay for it. Repeatedly.
The printers were richly scornful of the college-educated types in the newsroom upstairs, and they delighted to spot errors in headlines and text. They found many of them. The number of errors caught by Bill Gay, Marck Mulligan, John Shanklin and others, and the number of fixes they got me out of, are too numerous to count. That some needling took place along the way doesn’t signify.
The compositors were precise. The page had to look right, with every element in place and in alignment. Though it would have been gauche for them to say so, they took evident pride in their work and in the paper — the more so that they knew that their time was running out.
It was inevitable that technology would advance to the point — as it did some years ago — that entire pages could be composed on computer screens in the newsroom, making the compositor’s job redundant. They knew that the company had long since stopped hiring apprentices and that as printers retired, they were not replaced. Eventually, the last few were offered buyout packages, and a craft with a history stretching back to the invention of movable type was gone.
The technology that eliminated those jobs enabled newspapers to remain highly profitable by cutting labor costs. A similar calculus drives the recent and current reductions of news staffs around the country.


Comments
In your view, what technology has made what newsroom jobs expendable? I thought cuts were driven largely by the desire to maintain and boost profit margins.
Posted by: Jim Thomsen | June 28, 2008 12:08 AM
Well, newspaper executives have been blaming the Internet since they discovered its existence a few years ago. Given a choice of profit margins and news coverage, the news providers become "expendable."
When The Sun's previous pagination system was installed, we were told that it would make our jobs easier. This was typical, I'm told, whether true or not.
Now news executives see the many duties of copy editors, such as worrying about grammar, syntax, spelling, factual accuracy, fairness, and the crafting display type to fit in limited spaces, as no longer important, making copy editors even more expendable.
Reporters, their editors and news/wire editors are becoming expendable because papers contain less news.
Posted by: wayne | June 29, 2008 1:58 AM
It was a sad day here when we went fully paginated in 2000.
I always appreciated the skills of our compositors, especially after trying to lay out a goodbye page for a departing editor. What would take a compositor a few minutes took me hours and nearly made me blind from staring at the type so closely.
It was always fun to hang out in the composing room as the sections went to press. That felt like real newspapering! I don't miss having to fight with Sports over the use of the one Atex terminal for re-sends, though. Or sweet-talking the composing machine operator to bump my headline fix to the top of the queue.
Fortunately, not all of our compositors lost their jobs. Some were re-trained on our pagination system.
Posted by: Alan Shaw | June 30, 2008 5:37 PM
Yes, the compositors are gone.
But surely you know that the people who use the pagination systems here at the Sun still find errors and call the newsroom about them.
Posted by: JoAnne | July 1, 2008 10:10 PM
Indeed.
Posted by: John McIntyre | July 1, 2008 10:12 PM
The amazing thing about all this technology is that the tasks haven't disappeared. They've just been shifted, mostly to the newsroom, without the commensurate departmental staffing increase. These tasks then become invisible -- does an editor's job description now include the fact that s/he must apply formatting to stories and edit to fit exact lengths? No wonder spell check has become such a heavily-used tool.
Posted by: Claire | July 7, 2008 9:37 PM