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Italian Englished

I was asked this week to explain why The Sun refers to the site of the Olympics as Turin rather than its Italian name, Torino. As my children discovered long ago, asking me a question runs the hazard of yielding more than the questioner ever wished to know.

There are long-standing conventions of using Anglicized versions of foreign place names, of which Turin for Torino is one. Similarly, English-language publications refer to Rome, not Roma; Milan, not Milano; Venice, not Venezia; Florence, not Firenze; Naples, not Napoli.

These conventions are not limited to Italian place names. We write about Vienna, not Wien; Moscow, not Moskva; Prague, not Praha; Warsaw, not Warszawa. We write Munich, not Muenchen — but if we did, we would substitute the diphthong ue for the u with an umlaut in the original German, which is another convention of English practice.

The Olympic Movement refers to "the XX Olympic Winter Games — Torino 2006" as its title for the event, but its Web site routinely refers to the city as Turin.

Where there are multiple legitimate ways of saying a thing, such as alternative names or alternative spellings, the choice of which one to use is a matter of a publication's house style, and house style is a matter of arbitrary choice to encourage consistency and avoid distracting the reader. The Sun's house style favors using the conventional English versions of foreign place names, and so we are using Turin. Other publications are free to make other choices.

One underlying reason for this preference in house style is that extensive use of foreign terms risks the appearance of pretension, like the finicky hyper-pronunciation favored by some announcers on classical music stations.

Our preference for Anglicizing extends to the vexatious questions of diacritical marks, such as umlauts and accents, grave or acute. Yes, they are part of proper spelling of names in their languages, but using them in English-language publications presents problems. For one thing, wire services do not transmit accent marks. For another, inserting them would prove laborious for editors. For still another, where would one stop? Spanish, French, German, OK. But what about the Scandinavian languages? Czech? Polish? Hungarian? Lacking a battery of linguists, how could we even be sure that we were getting them right?

On most days, English is a sufficient challenge for us.

Comments

Do you use "Leghorn" for Livorno?

No, we do not. Neither do we use "Cathay" for "China" or "Muscovy" for "Russia."

On the other hand, we do use "Munich" for "Muenchen" and other generally accepted English versions of foreign place names in current use.

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About the blogger
John McIntyre, mild-mannered copy editor for a great metropolitan newspaper, has fussed over writers’ work at The Baltimore Sun since 1986. He is the director of its copy desk, an affiliate faculty member at Loyola College of Maryland, a former president of the American Copy Editors Society, a native of Kentucky, a graduate of Michigan State and Syracuse, and a moderate prescriptivist. If you are inspired by a spirit of contradiction, comment on his posts or write to him at john.mcintyre@baltsun.com.
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