Do we really need a Congressional hearing and a study of this? Elijah Cummings seems to thinks so, and so does the NAACP --despite what they've been told about the type of sludge-based compost fertilizer used in that lead-abatement study by Hopkins researchers. Even the Associated Press, which ignited the controversey with a report in April raising questions about the study and the use of the compost fertilizer, issued a statement last week to acknowledge a flaw in its story.
Mike Silverman, the AP's senior managing editor, said the story suggested the compost could pose a threat to humans -- though the type used in the Hopkins study is generally considered safe and sold at the retail level across the country. "It is a subject of scientific debate," Silverman said. "Many researchers believe the compost is safe, but there are some who believe it may be dangerous and should be studied further. The original AP story leaned too heavily on the latter view. That was unbalanced, and it created a distorted impression about the level of risk in the Baltimore experiment."
According to AP and Sun reporting, the compost, sold under the brand name Orgro, also contains wood chips and sawdust. It has been applied on golf courses and was used on the grounds of the vice president's official residence and at Camden Yards.
Peter Lees, one of the Hopkins researchers involved in the experiment, said he wasn't aware of any question "from anybody anywhere" about using the compost at that time. "It was a product you could get at Home Depot (and) garden stores," he told AP. "It met federal and state standards, so I guess at that point, what's the question?"
For the record, there are two kinds of commercial compost: Type A, which is heat-cured, and Type B, which is less sanitary, restricted to farm use and has had some health and evironmental watchdogs howling.
The Hopkins researchers used Type A, approved for homeowners, to see if it would mitigate the lead in the soil around nine East Baltimore rowhouses.
This distinction doesn't seem to matter to certain people. They reacted to the AP story -- too quickly, in the opinion of many -- and accused Hopkins of putting poor families at risk by experimenting on them with sludge. The NAACP called for a criminal investigation. Cummings weighed in. So did Barbara Mikulski. We even had a story in the Sun that dredged up old concerns and fears of the hospital's neighbors. "It's always been known as Johns Frankenstein to a lot of us, even though we are well aware that Johns Hopkins is one of the finest research institutions in the world," said Michael Eugene Johnson, state director of the Black United Fund, which joined with the NAACP to express outrage. "People would say, `Don't go past there at night, you might come up missing.'"
The Sun published the original AP story on a Monday in April under the headline:
| | SLUDGE SPREAD AROUND CITY HOMES EFFORT TO CURB LEAD EXPOSURE USED HUMAN, INDUSTRIAL WASTE IN LOW-INCOME NEIGHBORHOODS
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Here's the lead: "Scientists using federal grants spread fertilizer made from human and
industrial wastes on yards in poor, black neighborhoods to test whether it
might protect children from lead poisoning in the soil. Families were assured
the sludge was safe and were never told about any harmful ingredients.
So, given the alarmist and racially-charged nature of that -- and the Sun's decision to publish the story on a Monday, before having its own fine science reporters check the facts -- the reaction was understandable. Plus, it speaks to our times: We live in the most opinionated culture in history. We've grown so used to hearing opinions we forget what facts sound like.
Still, there has been a lot of explaining since April -- in the Sun, by Hopkins, by the folks at Kennedy-Krieger. There was a meeting with Hopkins officials and the NAACP. It has been reiterated that the compost was the retail brand, and that the nine families who participated in the study consented to having the fertilizer spread about their yards to see if it would pull the lead out of it.
Nonetheless, the NAACP still isn't satisfied and Cummings presses for a hearing on the matter before the House Oversight and Government Reform's subcommittee on domestic policy. Once you've cried outrage, you gotta go with it for a while, and it's hard to admit that you might have been wrong.
But, instead of barking up this tree, I'd like to see Cummings and the NAACP work with Hopkins on this:
We have the leading hospital and public health school in the world in the midst of a stretch of urban America still afflicted with violence and drug addiction. Let's see Hopkins and the Bloomberg faculty and staff launch the medical equivalent of the war on drugs, with treatment on demand, multiple therapies and holistic recovery. Let Bloomberg show the world that a medical war can work where the law enforcement one failed. Let Cummings and the NAACP partner-up on this. That's a much better use of everyone's time, and a great way to channel passionate outrage into something constructive.