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April 7, 2009

Companion Planting

EAT YOUR VEGETABLESJoannah Hill posts on vegetable gardening each Tuesday.

If you squint, you could say my vegetable garden is egg-shaped. Born in the footprint of a toppled oak tree, my garden does not support traditional, uniform rows of vegetables — the plants are sown in patches. When I plan my garden I tend to think more about what I’ll plant, rather than how it will look.

When deciding what to plant, two things to consider are time of year and companion plants. When to plant certain vegetables is fairly straight-forward.

Spring vegetables should be planted now and include asparagus, beets, fava beans, peas, salad greens and cole crops. Summer vegetables are the big stars. Tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, melons and all those zucchini can generally be planted after Mother’s Day. Fall crops like hard squash should be planted in the very late spring so they will be ready for harvest before the winter frost. Transplants of broccoli and cauliflower can be set out in late September. A little trickier is companion planting.

The notion behind companion planting in the vegetable garden is that some plants are mutually beneficial and some don’t play well with others. My vegetable garden suffered from a lack of bees last year and I’m hoping to remedy that by including flowers and herbs among the vegetables.

I’ve been looking through a classic gardening book, Carrots Love Tomatoes by Louise Riotte, as I plan my summer garden. After reading through the extensive, and occasionally confusing, information I can safely say carrots are the BFFs of the garden.

Carrots are thought to make beans thrive, promote the growth of peas, work with radishes to loosen soil, mix amiably with lettuce, tomatoes and the sometimes stand-offish alliums and on particularly hot, muggy days will weed the garden for you. I made that last part up, but you get the picture.

A combination of beans, eggplant and marigolds is recommended to fight off plagues of beetles. Radishes planted with tomatoes may chase away the two-spotted spider mite. Sage is touted as a repellent against carrot fly. Onions, garlic and aromatic herbs all must be carefully placed to avoid giving offense to certain plants.

Companion planting seems to be a mixture of common sense, science and lore. But I am happy to experiment and see what works. I do know this, when my basil was segregated in an herb garden it sulked. When I interplanted it with tomatoes and peppers, the basil made a remarkable comeback and rewarded me with plenty of pesto.

I’ll be spreading carrots around in the garden this season and would be interested to hear if anyone knows of any other beneficial plant combinations.

Photo credit: iStock

 

Posted by Joannah Hill at 8:00 AM | | Comments (8)
Categories: Vegetable gardening
        

Comments

cole crops

OK, I've seen this in a couple of "reputable" places (Valley View's sign is one) so I'll ask:

I've always said and written this as "cold". Having a heathy ego, I've assumed that everyone else was mis-spelling the word. Is "cole" a derivative of whatever prompted sliced/shredded/grated cabbage in dressing to be called cole slaw? Does cole refer to the cabbage family? Have I been hanging out in Wordville too much?

It's always been my understanding that it comes from the genus of plants that include broccoli, cabbage etc. But I'm no expert. Does anyone have a definitive answer to the origin of the phrase "cole crop?" -- Joannah

Onions, garlic and aromatic herbs all must be carefully placed to avoid giving offense to certain plants.

However, my Jerry Baker book on Roses says that they love to be with garlic.

In vegetable gardening, beans in particular have a problem with onions and garlic. As to roses, you're right. In fact, Louise Riotte has a another book called "Roses Love Garlic" that looks at companion planting throughout the garden. -- Joannah

I planted my basil in the Tiger Lillies last year. (Forgot about it until everything else was planted. This was the last spot.) It was crowded but seemed delighted to be there. The thing was almost a tree by the time the frost hit it. No comment from the lillies, but nothing ever stops them.

Companion plantings:
-tomatoes and basil to prevent hornworns
-thyme or tomatoes with cabbage plantings to prevent flea beetles and cabbage worms
-catnip and eggplant to deter flea beetles
-onions with carrots to prevent rust flies and nematodes
-horseradish with potatoes to repel potato beetles
-corn with soybeans to enhance growth of corn
-tomatoes, parsley, or basil with asparagus to control beetles
-nasturiums deter whiteflies, aphids
french marigolds repel nematodes
-mint and catnip repel cabbage pests
-rue deters Japanese beetles
-sweet basil repels aphids, mosquitoes, and mites. Use to interplant in vegetable and flower gardens.
-Deer repellent - peppermint, sage, rosemary, alliums -onion, garlic
-cat repellent - rue, rosemary, lavender, lemon thyme, absinthe,
grinded lemon or grapefruit peel, mix tea leaves into soil, cayenne pepper

Great list! Thank you! I'm using a border of nasturtiums and French marigolds in my vegetable garden to help attract bees. It's good to know they also will be chasing away the bad-guy bugs. -- Joannah

cole = brassica (I usually use the second term)

Isn't catnip in the mint family, meaning that it will take over the entire garden forever and ever unless a constant battle is waged?

If my garden is any indication, catmint isn't as invasive as mint, but it does spread. The good news is, it attracts cats who may, someday, keep the voles out of my yard. But then, there are the birds....Susan

I just planted my first vegetable garden this past weekend (well, in planters, not really a garden) and I'm super worried about how cold it's been for the past few days. Is there anything I can do to help the plants through this cold snap, or do you think they'll be okay since it didn't frost?

Hey, planters make great gardens! Think of them as your version of raised beds. Spring crops like lettuce, spinach and carrots should be fine. They can actually take a light frost. And there's absolutely no worries with broccoli, cauliflower or cabbage. It's really too early for tender crops like tomatoes, basil or peppers. If you have put those in, you should bring them inside at night or place them in a protected area with a lightweight covering over them like newspapers or a sheet. --Joannah

For those of you who were looking for advice on keeping creatures from eating your vegetables, this is the book I would recommend: "Deer-Resistant Landscaping: Proven Advice and Strategies for Outwitting Deer and 20 Other Pesky Mammals"
by Neil Soderstrom

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About Susan Reimer
Susan Reimer has spent 16 years writing about raising kids - among other topics - in her column for The Baltimore Sun. And every time son Joseph or daughter Jessie passed another milestone - driver's license, college, wedding or a move to a new military duty station - she has planted another garden. Now she will be writing about those gardens - and yours - here on Garden Variety.

Susan isn't an expert gardener, but she wasn't an expert mother, either. Both - the kids and the gardens - seem to be doing well in spite of her.

She lives in Annapolis with her husband, Gary Mihoces, who loves to cut his grass but has noticed that there seems to be less of it every time the kids pass another milestone.
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